La gazza ladra ([la ˈɡaddza ˈlaːdra, The Thieving Magpie) is a melodramma or opera semiseria in two acts by Gioachino Rossini, with a libretto by Giovanni Gherardini based on La pie voleuse by Jean-Marie-Theodor Badouin d'Aubigny and Louis-Charles Caigniez.

The composer Giaochino Rossini wrote quickly, and La gazza ladra was no exception. According to legend, before the first performance of the opera, the producer assured the composition of the overture by locking Rossini in a room, from the window of which the composer threw out the sheets of music to the copyists who then wrote the orchestral parts, to complete the composition of the opera. As such, The Thieving Magpie is best known for the overture, which is musically notable for its use of snare drums. The unique inspiration in the melodies is extreme, famously used to bizarre and dramatic effect in Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange. This memorable section in Rossini's overture invokes the image of the opera's main subject: a clever, devilishly thieving magpie.

Performance history

The first performance of The Thieving Magpie was on 31 May 1817, at La Scala, Milan. In 1818, Rossini revised the opera for subsequent productions in Pesaro; and then in 1819 for the Teatro del Fondo, in Naples, in 1820 for the Teatro di San Carlo, Naples, and in 1866 revised the music for performance in Paris.

The first performance of The Thieving Magpie in England was at the King's Theatre, London, on 10 March 1820. As the French-language La pie voleuse, the opera's first performance in the United States was at the Théâtre d'Orléans, New Orleans, on 30 December 1828.

In 1941, Riccardo Zandonai composed a version of The Thieving Magpie for a revival of the opera in Pesaro. In 1979, Alberto Zedda edited Rossini's original composition of the opera for publication by the Fondazione Rossini. In 2013, the Bronx Opera of New York City performed an English-language version of La gazza ladra.

Roles

Role	Voice type	Premiere Cast, 31 May 1817 (Conductor: Alessandro Rolla)
Ninetta, Fabrizio’s servant	soprano	Teresa Belloc-Giorgi
Fabrizio Vingradito, a rich farmer	bass	Vincenzo Botticelli
Lucia, his wife	mezzo-soprano	Marietta Castiglioni
Giannetto, his son, a soldier	tenor	Savino Monelli
Fernando Villabella, Ninetta’s father, a soldier	bass-baritone	Filippo Galli
Gottardo, village mayor	bass	Antonio Ambrosi
Pippo, a young peasant, employed by Fabrizio	contralto	Teresa Gallianis
Giorgio, servant to the mayor	bass	Paolo Rosignoli
Isacco, a pedlar	tenor	Francesco Biscottini
Antonio, the gaoler	tenor	Francesco Biscottini
Ernesto, a soldier, friend of Fernando	bass	Alessandro De Angeli

Synopsis

Act 1

At the house of Fabrizio Vingradito and his wife Lucia there is joy for the imminent return of their son Giannetto from the war. One of the servants, Ninetta, is in love with Giannetto and all want the two to marry, except Lucia, who blames Ninetta for the recent loss of a silver fork. Isacco, a local pedlar, enters and asks about Ninetta, but Pippo sends him away. Giannetto arrives and goes inside with Lucia while Ninetta prepares for the party. Once they have gone, Ninetta’s father, Fernando Villabella, arrives, also from the war. However, he was sentenced to death after fighting with his captain and is now a deserter. He asks his daughter to sell two pieces of family silver to go towards his expenses while he is on the run. The Mayor enters, intent on seducing Ninetta, and she claims that her father is just some vagrant. The Mayor’s assistant delivers the arrest warrant for a deserter (Fernando), but as the Mayor has forgotten his reading glasses, Ninetta is asked to read the warrant, and makes up a description of someone totally unlike her father. The Mayor continues to force his attentions on Ninetta, at which Fernando almost reveals himself in anger. The three leave, and a magpie flies down and steals one of Lucia’s silver spoons.

Isacco passes by again, and Ninetta sells him the silver her father had entrusted to her. Giannetto and others return, and Lucia notices that a spoon is missing. The Mayor starts an immediate investigation, stating the draconian penalty for domestic theft: death. Lucia and the Mayor accuse Ninetta, who in her distress drops the money she had exchanged from Isacco. The pedlar is brought back and reports that he has already sold on the spoon, but he recalls the inscription "F.V.", initials shared by Fabrizio and Fernando. The stunned Ninetta, desperate to protect her father, is unable to refute the accusations, and the Mayor orders her to be arrested.

Act 2

Antonio, the prison warder, takes pity on Ninetta and says that he will get a message to Pippo and let Giannetto visit her. Ninetta convinces Giannetto that she is innocent. The Mayor now arrives and tells Ninetta that if she accepts his advances he will get her freed – she replies that she would rather die. The Mayor is called away, but Antonio has heard all and offers to help Ninetta any way he can. Ninetta asks Pippo to sell a gold cross and put some money for her father in an agreed hiding place – a chestnut tree. Ninetta is brought to trial, found guilty, and condemned to death. Fernando rushes to the court to save his daughter’s life, but is too late; he too is sent to prison.

Ernesto, a military friend of Fernando, bursts in looking for the Mayor and holding a royal pardon for Ninetta’s father. Pippo shows him the way and is given a silver coin for helping, but the magpie snatches it and flies up to the tower. Pippo and Antonio pursue the thief.

Ninetta is taken to the scaffold and makes her final speech to the crowd. From the tower, Pippo and Antonio cry out that they have found Lucia’s silver in the magpie’s nest and they ring the bells. The crowd hear their words and hope to save Ninetta, but shots ring out and they conclude that they are too late. However, Ninetta appears walking down the hill – the shots were mere rejoicing. Ninetta celebrates with her companions but is worried about her father. He then appears with Ernesto and all – except the Mayor – enjoy a happy ending.

Arias

The most famous aria in the opera is probably Ninetta's prayer "Deh, tu reggi in tal momento". The soprano cavatina "Di piacer mi balza il cor" and the tenor cavatina "Vieni fra queste braccia" (the cabaletta for the duet between Arturo and Elvira from Bellini's I Puritani starts with exactly the same words) are two examples of Rossini's brilliant vocal writing.

Recordings

Year	Cast: Ninetta, Fabrizio, Lucia, Giannetto, Fernando	Conductor, Opera House and Orchestra	Label
1987	Ileana Cotrubas, Carlos Feller, Nucci Condò, David Kuebler, Brent Ellis	Bruno Bartoletti, Gürzenich Orchester Köln and the Kölner Oper Chorus	DVD: ArtHaus Musik Cat: 102 203
1998	Cinzia Forte, Franco Vassallo, Linda Tirendi, Simon Edwards, Natale de Carolis	Giancarlo Andretta, Teatro la Fenice di Venezia Orchestra and Chorus Recording of a performance in Venice, 31 January)	Audio CD: Mondo Musica Cat: MFOH 20111
2007	Mariola Cantarero, Paolo Bordogna, Kleopatra Papatheologou, Dmitry Korchak, Alex Esposito	Lü Jia, Orchestra Haydn di Bolzano e Trento (Video recording made at performances of the Rossini Opera Festival, Pesaro, August)	DVD: Dynamic, Cat: 33567
2009	Marie José Moreno, Giulio Mastrototaro, Luisa Islam Ali-Zade, Kenneth Tarver, Lorenzo Regazzo	Alberto Zedda, Virtuosi Brunensis (Live recording from the XXIst ROSSINI IN WILDBAD Belcanto Opera Festival)	Audio CD: NAXOS 8.660369-71

References

Notes

1. ^ Warrack & West 1992, pp. 269–270.
2. ^ Recordings of La gazza ladra on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk

Sources

• Gossett, Philip; Brauner, Patricia (2001), " La gazza ladra" in Holden, Amanda (ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam. ISBN 0-14-029312-4
• Osborne, Charles (1994), The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini, London: Methuen; Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. ISBN 0931340713
• Osborne, Richard (1998), "La gazza ladra", in Stanley Sadie (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. Two. London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-333-73432-7 ISBN 1-56159-228-5
• Osborne, Richard (1990), Rossini, Ithaca, New York: Northeastern University Press. ISBN 1-55553-088-5
• Osborne, Richard (1998), "La gazza ladra", in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. XXX. pp. XXX London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-333-73432-7 ISBN 1-56159-228-5
• Warrack, John; West, Ewan (1992). The Oxford Dictionary of Opera. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-869164-5.