Three Concert Études (Trois études de concert), S.144, are a set of three piano études by Franz Liszt, composed between 1845–49 and published in Paris as Trois caprices poétiques with the three individual titles as they are known today. As the title indicates, they are intended not only for the acquisition of a better technique, but also for concert performance. The Italian subtitles now associated with the studies – Il lamento ("The Lament"), La leggierezza ("Lightness"), Un sospiro ("A sigh") – were not in early editions.

Étude No. 1, Il lamento

Il lamento is the first of Liszt's Three Concert Études. Written in A-flat major, it is among the composer's longest pieces in this genre. It starts with a four-note lyrical melody which folds itself through the work, followed by a Chopin-like chromatic pattern which reappears again in the coda section. Although this piece opens and ends in A-flat major, it shifts throughout its three parts to many other keys including A, G, B, D-sharp, F-sharp and B.

Étude No. 2, La leggierezza

La leggierezza (meaning "lightness") is the second of the Three Concert Études. It is a monothematic piece in F minor with a very simple melodic line in each hand under an unusual Quasi allegretto tempo marking, usually ignored in favour of something a bit more frenetic. It starts with a fast, but delicate sixteen chromatic-note arpeggio divided in thirds and sixths under an irregular rhythmic subdivision and cadenza so as to underline the light atmosphere of its title. The technical difficulties involved are fast passages of minor thirds in the right hand and light, but quick leggiero chromatic scales.

Étude No. 3, Un sospiro

The third of the Three Concert Études is in D-flat major, and is usually known as Un sospiro (Italian for "A sigh"). However, it is likely that the title did not originate with Liszt. Although there is no evidence that he actively attempted to remove the subtitle, none of the editions or subsequent printings of the Three Concert Études published by Kistner during Liszt's lifetime used them; he simply ignored such subtitles in later years, always referring to the piece by key.

The étude is a study in crossing hands, playing a simple melody with alternating hands, and arpeggios. It is also a study in the way hands should affect the melody with its many accentuations, or phrasing with alternating hands. The melody is quite dramatic, almost Impressionistic, radically changing in dynamics at times, and has inspired many listeners. The étude has been considered by many pianists as one of the most beautiful piano pieces ever composed, Liszt kept the ètude in his repertoire until his final years.

Un sospiro consists of a flowing background superimposed by a simple melody written in the third staff. This third staff—an additional treble staff—is written with the direction to the performer that notes with the stem up are for the right hand and notes with the stem down are for the left hand. The background alternates between the left and right hands in such a way that for most of the piece, while the left hand is playing the harmony, the right hand is playing the melody, and vice versa, with the left hand crossing over the right as it continues the melody for a short while before regressing again. There are also small cadenza sections requiring delicate fingerwork throughout the middle section of the piece.

Towards the end, after the main climax of the piece, both hands are needed to cross in an even more complex pattern. Since there are so many notes to be played rapidly and they are too far away from other clusters of notes that must be played as well, the hands are required to cross multiple times to reach dramatic notes near the end of the piece on the last page.

This étude, along with the other Three concert études, was written in dedication to Liszt's uncle, Eduard Liszt (1817–1879), the youngest son of Liszt's grandfather and the stepbrother of his own father. Eduard handled Liszt's business affairs for more than thirty years until his death in 1879.

In film

• It was part of the film score in the 1948 Paul Gordon film "Concert Magic".
• The piece was used as the recurring musical theme in the 1948 Max Ophüls film Letter from an Unknown Woman.
• It was the main theme from the Franz Liszt bio picture of 1960, Song Without End.
• It was also part of the critically acclaimed ensembles of the 1996 Scott Hicks film called "Shine" about a pianist's struggle.
• It was also an inspiring piano piece in the 2000 Jun Ichikawa film called Zawa-zawa Shimo-Kitazawa for a Japanese girl finding her way in life.
• It was featured in the 2009 TV show Kings twice in the pilot.
• It appeared in the 2011 film The Green Hornet when the character Kato is playing the piano with Lenore on their first date.

References

1. ^ Arnold, Ben (2002). The Liszt Companion. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 103. ISBN 0313306893. 
2. ^ Not in the first edition, nor in Busoni's edition of 1911.
3. ^ Howard, Leslie. "The complete music for solo piano, Vol. 38 – Les Préludes". Hyperion Records. Retrieved 29 June 2012.