La vida breve (Spanish Life is Short or The Brief Life) is an opera in two acts and four scenes by Manuel de Falla to an original Spanish libretto by Carlos Fernández-Shaw. Local (Andalusian) dialect is used. It was written between August 1904 and March 1905, but not produced until 1913. The first performance was given (in a French translation by Paul Millet) at the Casino Municipal in Nice on 1 April 1913. Paris and Madrid performances followed, later in 1913 and in 1914 respectively. Claude Debussy played a major role in influencing Falla to transform it from the number opera it was at its Nice premiere to an opera with a more continuous musical texture and more mature orchestration. This revision was first heard at the Paris premiere at the Opéra-Comique in December 1913, and is the standard version.
Only an hour long, the complete opera is seldom performed today, but its orchestral sections are, especially the act 2 music published as Interlude and Dance, which is popular at concerts of Spanish music. (Fritz Kreisler in 1926 arranged for violin and piano the dance from this pairing under the spurious title Danse espagnole.) Indeed the opera is unusual for having nearly as much instrumental music as vocal: act 1, scene 2 consists entirely of a short symphonic poem (with distant voices) called Intermedio, depicting sunset in Granada; act 2, Scene 1 includes the above-referenced Danza and Interludio, with the latter ending the scene, i.e. in the opposite sequence to the excerpted pairing; and act 2, scene 2 begins with the a second and longer Danza (with vocal punctuation).
The role of Salud is central to the action. It has been sung by, among others, soprano Victoria de los Ángeles, mezzo-soprano Teresa Berganza, mezzo Martha Senn, and, more recently, soprano Cristina Gallardo-Domâs.
Roles
Role Voice type Premiere Cast, 1 April 1913
(Conductor: Jacques Miranne)Salud, a gypsy soprano Lillian Grenville La abuela (Salud's grandmother) mezzo-soprano Renée Fanty Paco tenor David Devriès Tío Salvaor (Salvador, Salud's uncle) bass Édouard Cotreuil Carmela, the bride mezzo-soprano Mlle Gerday Manuel, the bride's brother baritone Termany Cantaor (Cantador, singer at the wedding) baritone First saleswoman contralto Daurelly Second saleswoman mezzo-soprano A Bernard Salesman bass Solo voice in forge chorus tenor Rouziery Synopsis
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- Place: Granada
Act 1
Afternoon and sunset in the (gypsy) Albaicín district
A male chorus of anvil workers plies their trade at the local forge. The young gypsy, Salud, is passionately in love with a young well-to-do man named Paco. She does not know, and Paco does not tell her, that he is already engaged to one woman of his social class. Her uncle, Salvaor (Salvador), and grandmother ( La abuela) have discovered this, and they try to prevent Salud from interrupting Paco's wedding after she learns the truth.
Act 2
A wealthier part of the city: in front of a house on whose patio wedding festivities are in progress (and visible from the street), and then in the patio itself
Confrontation (which from several perspectives is the theme of the whole opera) occurs after Salud and Salvaor gate-crash the festivities, astonishing the bride and the guests and momentarily throwing the mendacious groom so much off his guard that he utters Salud's name before denying he knows her and ordering her ejection. Her heart broken, Salud falls dead at his feet, in what is said to be the ultimate gesture of contempt for a former lover.
Recordings
There are 11 complete recordings, as of February 2012. Cast key is Conductor/Salud/Abuela/Paco/Salvaor:
- Ernesto Halffter/Victoria de los Ángeles/Rosario Gómez/Pablo Civil/Emilio Payá - HMV, 1952
- Toldrà/los Ángeles/Gómez-R/Martí/Deus - Gala, live in Edinburgh, 1958
- Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Victoria de los Ángeles, Ines Rivadeneira, Carlo Cossutta, Victor de Narké, Spanish National Orchestra - EMI, 1965
- García Navarro/Berganza/Nafé/Carreras/Pons - DG, 1978
- López Cobos/Nafé/Keen/Ordóñez/Wadsworth - 1992
- Eduardo Mata, Martha Senn, Cecilia Angell, Fernando de la Mora, William Alvarado, Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar - Dorian, 1993
- García Navarro/Montiel/Nafé/Aragall/Echeverría - TVE 2, DVD, live in Madrid, 1997
- Pons/Egido/Perelstein/Ordóñez/Baquerizo - Harmonia Mundi, 1997
- Frühbeck de Burgos/Rodríguez-M/Pelliciari/Hernández/Lippi - Dynamic, live in Cagliari, 2001
- Valdés/Sánchez-AM/Nafé/Ombuena Valls/Echeverría - Naxos, live in Oviedo, 2002
- Maazel/Gallardo-Domâs/Corbacho/León/Bou - C Major, DVD, live in Valencia, 2010
References
- ^ Ronald Crichton: "La vida breve", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed June 18, 2009), (subscription access)
- ^ La vida breve at operissimo.com
- ^ Casaglia, Gherardo (2005). "La vida breve, 1 April 1913". Almanacco Amadeus (Italian).
- ^ More detailed synopsis of the opera (in Spanish)
- ^ Libretto of the opera
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