The Piano Sonata No. 12 in F major by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, K. 332/300k, was written at the same time as the Piano Sonata, K. 330 and Piano Sonata, K. 331 (Alla turca), Mozart numbering them as a set from one to three. They were once believed to have been written in the late 1770s in Paris, but it is now thought more likely that they date from 1783, by which time Mozart had moved to Vienna. Some believe, however that Mozart wrote this and the other sonatas during a summer 1783 visit to Salzburg made for the purpose of introducing his wife, Constanze to his father, Leopold. All three sonatas were published in Vienna in 1784.

Form

The sonata is in three movements and has a conventional structure:

1. Allegro - The first movement is in a classical sonata form.
2. Adagio - The second movement is a slow movement in the key of B flat major with two halves repeated. In the autograph, the second half is essentially a repeat of its initial presentation with some minor tonal adjustments. In the earliest printed editions, however, it is considerably elaborated.
3. Allegro assai - The rapid finale is in sonata form with a 6/8 time. While it starts out with a forte chord and passage work, it concludes with a pianissimo cadence.

Gallery

1st movement structure

The 1st movement structure is a typical sonata structure. The right hand first has a melody, while the left hand has a broken chord accompaniment. Next there is a short melody with the left hand echoing it, whilst the right plays a two-part phrase that includes a mordent. After, there are bouncy chords played quietly. A sudden change follows, with the F major key changing into the relative minor key, D minor. Then are lots of dramatic changes of key, with the right hand playing accompaniment and the left hand playing melody. The key changes several times, until at the end the key settles to the dominant, C major. Following are relaxing phrases, and then a strong, happy ending.

Afterwards, there is the development section, where the right repeats most of the middle-beginning part, with some changes that alter the key at the end. At the end we have the original F major key dancing around the music. There are a lot of repetitions in the 1st movement.

2nd movement structure

The 2nd movement structure is in B♭ major in a sonatina form. The tempo of this movement is quite slow. At the beginning, there is a beautiful melody, accompanied by a broken chord accompaniment. The next phrase is the same, except the key immediately changes to the tonic minor, B♭ minor. A strong lyrical note with a minor descending scale ends with the dominant key. The music then turns happy and joyful, until the end, when the phrases end with a dominant 7th chord of B♭ major, the music then turns back to the original key, B♭ major. The next parts all repeat the same in the first page, just in the tonic key, and ends in the tonic.

In the 1994 film Immortal Beloved, Giulietta Guicciardii is heard playing this piece during a piano lesson with Ludwig van Beethoven.

Notes

1. ^ Tyson, Alan (1987). Mozart: studies of the autograph scores. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 21–35. ISBN 0-674-58830-4. 
2. ^ Hepokoski, James; Darcy, Warren (2006). Elements of Sonata Theory: norms, types, and deformations in the late eighteenth-century sonata. Oxford University Press. pp. 159–162. ISBN 0-19-514640-9. 

References

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Sonatas and Three Fantasias, Urtext edition, for piano, Kalmus Classic Edition. ISBN 0-7692-4089-5